There were radical revolutions in the World in 18th century. This period was called the Age of Revolution. The old order was overthrown and a new order such as coffee, tobacco and breakfast. In this situation, Europe took significant place. Trade and commerce, technological development, sociological structure were important for Europe to come to fore when other countries have lagged behind in this regard. This has brought Europe forward.
For started, many revolutions in Europe and America between the 18th and 19th centuries are called the Age of Revolutions. The American Revolution in time it spread to Europe, causing the French Revolution. The revolution period started with the developing World order due to migration, globalization, industrialization. The Age of Revolution had significant effects on two points in human life. First effect was that development and contributed growth of uniformity society. The other effect was that the growth of complexity with in this society.
In this period, Europe indeed became a political entity because European people are more rational than the other countries. Besides these, Europeans have particular religion and this is susceptible to ideas such as science. As, the top of everything is technology and industry. However, there were not big difference between Europe and other country. In Europe, the hierarchy was simple therefore, the state was chosen according to the preference of local communities in the long term. Barely, during this situations in other countries were developing differently than in Europe so this was putting Europe forward. For instance, in China, the emperors saw themselves as grand khans, and they had many thought in their minds, thus increasing the complexity. On the other hand, ın 18th century, local groups were trying to deal with trade. Ottoman and China were working on similar trade route. The concept of privateering that emerged with trade and commerce is a term by which the local group can make a profit. Otherwise, in Africa there were complex farming communities, but the state did not exist separately in there. In this case, there was an equal footing between Africa and Europe. At this point, some major events, taking place to make it possible European domination. First major event was globalization. This has occurred especially in northwestern Europe. That’s why, principles were formed to change ideas, people and commerce. Firstly, they characterized the globalization, universalizing kingship fort he live in large empires. Secondly, expansion of the mystical order with the urge of religion. Lastly, life-enhancing products were sought for body health. Other important event was proto-capitalist globalization that developed with emergence of the international order. Proto-capitalist system based on wage labor, thus the concept of slavery abolished. Moreover, the other point was industrial revolution and two important event that developed with it. These were great domestication and industrious revolutions. Animals were example of great domestication, and agriculture was improving. In Asia and today’s Russia, agricultural production increases as people move and settle. The increasing population with the end of epidemic diseases, the development of agriculture and emergence of new food types from America can be listed among the reasons for great domestications. Otherwise, industrious revolutions that emerged slowly and developed related to communication. This has not only been occurred in European and American society but also in many countries like Netherland and England. This was different from the industrial revolution because it was about mechanism of production.
For these reasons, there was an increase in sovereignty in Europe. Besides all these, the good use of coal power raised Europe because of steam power and industrialization. Europe also gained a great advantage with the 17th century wars, ıt was British naval power. Last advantage of Europe was, even though various European countries did not like each other from such as the England was able to invested in the same of cooperation.
Last of all, the Age of Revolution has contributed to development of many countries in the World. However, Europe was above many countries in the Age of Revolution. When it had the many advantage such as being starting point of many revolutions. Furthermore, great domestications, which played an important role in the development of agricultural societies and industrious revolutions seen not only in Europe but also other countries have gained substantial in proto-capitalist globalization. In this case, northwest Europe was also of great significant because of efficient use of coal and industrialization. The most important reason, why Europe was at the forefront was due to the less pressure and the more comfortable circulation of ideas.
References
Eric Hobsbawn The Age of Revolution
C.A. Bayly The Birth of the Modern World 1780–1914 Global Connections and Comparisons
